In this second article in a series on beginning XML, I hope to familiarize you with some basic terminology used when discussing XML, as well as show you the basics of syntax, and furthermore, how to begin moving your data into an XML document.
Just as a refresher, in our last article we talked about the advantages and disadvantages of XML, its history and lineage, and what XML is meant to do. For this article we will start with some definitions, so you can better understand the structure of the language.
What Does It Mean?
Attribute
An attribute in XML is a property that is associated with an element. It is also a named characteristic of an element and provides further information about an element. It is not, however, a part of an element's content. Here I will show you an example:
Above, <car> and </car> are the elements. The word “saleslot” is an attribute that gives us more information about the <car> element. “New York” is a value ascribed to the “saleslot” attribute. The phrase “Mark’s Mazda Outlet” is the content that belongs to the <car> element.
Using “saleslot,” we now have more information about our <car> element; in this instance we can see that the location of Mark’s Mazda Outlet is in New York. While the visitor to your website might not see the saleslot=”New York” information, an example of its usage would come up if the user wanted to sort by location. You would have a program in place that looked for the value in the “saleslot” attribute and then sorted them accordingly.
Document Type Definition or DTD
Every XML document must have rules to follow. This helps keep your data in order and protect its integrity. Document Type Definitions are one way to define those rules. Like XML, Document Type Definitions are based on SGML and dictate which elements or markup tags and attributes can be placed in your document. In addition, the DTD decides the order in which your elements and attributes can appear. You can also modify it to ensure that the elements and attributes appear in a strict order of your choosing.
I will provide more information about DTDs and something known as an XML Schema in a future article.
Element
I described elements for you above, in the section on attributes. They are a part of your document that can be defined by starting and ending tags, with associated content in between. In the sample I will write below, we will take a look at several elements that might make up a database of information about a car seller.
<car> Mazda </car>
<salesperson> Carl Fredericks </salesperson>
<commissiontype> 1 </commissiontype>
<salesdate> 10/22/2008 </salesdate>
Above we showcase four different elements. They are: car, salesperson, commissiontype, and salesdate. Each holds content that give us more information about the overall sale. In a later article we will discuss root, parent, and child architecture, and the role each of them has in a data structure such as the one above. For now, however, know that these are basic elements.
